This section describes the built-in subroutines in the Qore language making up the system function library. Following is a list of function categories, and below there is an alphabetically-ordered list of all Qore built-in functions.
Each builtin function or method has flags that describe its properties. The following table provides the key to the flags as given in the function and method lists.
Table 3.2. Code Flags
Abbr | Description |
|---|---|
| Code with this flag makes no calculations, but rather returns a constant value. This flag is given to function and method variants that return a default value depending on the type of argument(s). When variants with this flag are resolved at parse time, a |
| Code with this flag makes no calculations, but rather returns a constant value. This flag is given to function and method variants that return a default value depending on the type of argument(s). When variants with this flag are resolved at parse time, a |
| This flag indicates that the function or method has no side effects and does not throw any exceptions (see also RET_VALUE_ONLY). |
| This flag indicates that the function or method has no side effects but could throw an exception (see also CONST). |
| Code with this flag is deprecated and may be removed in a future version of Qore; if a variant with this flag is resolved at parse time, a |
Table 3.3. System Function Library
Function Name | Ex? | Brief Description |
|---|---|---|
N | aborts the process | |
N | Returns the absolute value of the argument passed | |
N | Returns the arc cosine of the number passed in radians | |
N | Returns the arc sine of the number passed in radians. | |
N | Returns the arc tangent of the number passed in radians. | |
Y | Executes a process and returns a string of the output (stdout only) | |
N | Returns a string giving the last element of a file path. | |
N | Returns a binary data type of the data passed. | |
Y | Returns a string created from the binary data passed. | |
| N | Returns the byte position of a substring within a string and takes an optional starting offset |
| Y | Encrypts data using the Cipher Block Chaining function for the blowfish algorithm. |
| Y | Decrypts data using the Cipher Block Chaining function for the blowfish algorithm. |
| Y | Decrypts data to a string using the Cipher Block Chaining function for the blowfish algorithm. |
N | Converts the argument to a boolean value. | |
| N | Returns the byte position of a substring within a string as searched from the end of the string and takes an optional starting offset |
Y | Uncompresses the given data with the bzip2 algorithm and returns the uncompressed data as a binary. | |
| Y | Uncompresses the given data with the bzip2 algorithm and returns the uncompressed data as a string. |
Y | Compresses the given data with the bzip2 algorithm and returns the uncompressed data as a binary. | |
Y | Calls a builtin function identified by the first string argument and returns the return value, passing the remaining arguments after the function name to the function | |
Y | Calls a builtin function identified by the first string argument and returns the return value, using the argument after the function name as a list of arguments to pass to the function. | |
| Y | Calls a function, closure, or call reference and returns the return value, passing the remaining arguments after the function name to the function (or call reference). |
| Y | Calls a function, closure, or call reference and returns the return value, using the argument after the function name as a list of arguments to pass to the function, closure, or call reference. |
Y | calls a method given by a string of the object passed, passing the remaining arguments to the method as arguments | |
| Y | calls a method given by a string of the object passed, using the argument after the method name as the list of arguments to pass to the method |
| Y | Encrypts data using the Cipher Block Chaining function for the CAST5 algorithm. |
| Y | Decrypts data using the Cipher Block Chaining function for the CAST5 algorithm. |
| Y | Decrypts data to a string using the Cipher Block Chaining function for the CAST5 algorithm. |
N | Returns the cube root of the number passed. | |
N | Returns a value rounded up to the next highest integer | |
Y | Changes the current working directory. | |
Y | Changes the mode of a file. | |
N | Removes the trailing end-of-line indicator from a string and returns the new string (also see the chomp operator); also accepts variable references to do modifications in-place. | |
Y | Changes the user and group owners of a file (if the current user has permission to do so), follows symbolic links. | |
N | Returns a string containing a single ASCII character represented by the numeric value passed. | |
N | Returns the system time in microseconds (1/1000000 second intervals) since Jan 1, 1970 00:00:00Z. | |
N | Returns the system time in milliseconds (1/1000 second intervals) since Jan 1, 1970 00:00:00Z. | |
N | Returns the system time in nanoseconds (1/1000000000 second intervals) since Jan 1, 1970 00:00:00. | |
Y | Performs zlib-based "deflate" data compression (RFC 1951) and returns a binary object of the compressed data. | |
Y | Performs explicit string character encoding conversions. | |
N | Returns the cosine of the number in radians passed. | |
N | Returns the hyperbolic cosine of the number passed. | |
N | Converts the argument passed to a date. | |
N | Returns a hash of broken-down date/time information for the given date argument; if the variant with no argument is used, then the current date/time is assumed. | |
N | Converts an integer argument as a millisecond offset from January 1, 1970Z to a date. | |
N | Converts an integer argument as a microsecond offset from January 1, 1970Z to a date. | |
N | Returns a relative date in days for date arithmetic. | |
N | Decodes percent numeric codes in a URL string and returns the decoded string. | |
N | Deletes all keys in the thread-local data hash. | |
N | Deletes the data associated to one or more keys in the thread-local data hash (destroys any objects as well). | |
| Y | Encrypts data using the Cipher Block Chaining function for the DES algorithm. |
| Y | Decrypts data using the Cipher Block Chaining function for the DES algorithm. |
| Y | Decrypts data using the Cipher Block Chaining function for the DES algorithm. |
| Y | Encrypts data using the Cipher Block Chaining function for the two-key triple DES algorithm. |
| Y | Decrypts data using the Cipher Block Chaining function for the two-key triple DES algorithm. |
| Y | Decrypts data to a string using the Cipher Block Chaining function for the two-key triple DES algorithm. |
| Y | Encrypts data using the Cipher Block Chaining function for the three-key triple DES algorithm. |
| Y | Decrypts data using the Cipher Block Chaining function for the three-key triple DES algorithm. |
| Y | Decrypts data to a string using the Cipher Block Chaining function for the three-key triple DES algorithm. |
| Y | Encrypts data using the Cipher Block Chaining function for RSA's DESX algorithm. |
| Y | Encrypts data using the Cipher Block Chaining function for RSA's DESX algorithm. |
| Y | Encrypts data to a string using the Cipher Block Chaining function for RSA's DESX algorithm. |
Y | Returns the DSS message digest of the supplied argument as a hex string (for strings, the trailing null character is not included in the digest) | |
Y | Returns the DSS message digest of the supplied argument as a binary object (for strings, the trailing null character is not included in the digest) | |
Y | Returns the DSS1 message digest of the supplied argument as a hex string (for strings, the trailing null character is not included in the digest) | |
Y | Returns the DSS1 message digest of the supplied argument as a binary object (for strings, the trailing null character is not included in the digest) | |
N | Returns the value of the system "errno" variable, holding the last error code generated by a system call | |
N | Replaces the current process image with another. | |
| N | Returns |
N | Exits the program | |
N | Returns the value of e raised to the power of the argument passed | |
N | Returns the value of 2 raised to the power of the argument passed | |
N | Returns an equivalent of exp(x) - 1 | |
Y | "field" printf, field width specifiers are respected. Returns string printed. | |
Y | "field" sprintf(), field width specifiers are respected | |
N | Returns the argument converted to a floating-point number | |
N | Returns a value rounded down to the nearest integer | |
N | Flushes output to the console output with print(), printf(), etc | |
N | Returns a string tagged with the given character encoding; does not actually change the string data; use only in the case that a string is tagged with the wrong encoding. | |
Y | Creates a duplicate of the current process | |
N | Allows dates to be formatted | |
N | Allows numbers to be formatted with more options than sprintf() | |
N | Returns "builtin", "user", or NOTHING according to the function name passed | |
N | Returns the entire thread data hash. | |
N | Returns the byte value at the given byte offset or NOTHING if the offset is not legal for the given data. | |
N | Returns an integer value representing the days value of the date passed (can be either a relative or absolute date). | |
N | Returns the name of the default character encoding for the Qore library. | |
N | Returns an integer giving the duration in microseconds as described by the argument; if the argument is a relative date, then it is converted to microseconds, if it is absolute, then a number of microseconds between the current time and the time given is returned. | |
N | Returns an integer giving the duration in milliseconds as described by the argument; if the argument is a relative date, then it is converted to milliseconds, if it is absolute, then a number of milliseconds between the current time and the time given is returned. | |
N | Returns an integer giving the duration in seconds as described by the argument; if the argument is a relative date, then it is converted to seconds, if it is absolute, then a number of seconds between the current time and the time given is returned. | |
N | Returns a string describing the character encoding of the string passed. | |
N | Returns the number of seconds after Jan 1, 1970, 00:00:00Z for the date/time value passed. | |
N | Returns an integer value representing the hours value of the date passed (can be either a relative or absolute date). | |
N | Returns an integer value representing the microseconds value of the date passed (can be either a relative or absolute date). | |
N | Returns a date/time value representing midnight on the date passed (strips the time from the date passed and returns the new value) | |
N | Returns an integer value representing the milliseconds value of the date passed (can be either a relative or absolute date). | |
N | Returns an integer value representing the minutes value of the date passed (can be either a relative or absolute date). | |
N | Returns an integer value representing the months value of the date passed (can be either a relative or absolute date). | |
N | Returns a hash of build and version information for the qore library. | |
N | Returns a list of hashes giving information about qore library options. | |
N | Returns an integer value representing the seconds value of the date passed (can be either a relative or absolute date). | |
N | Returns a string giving the path (directory and filename) from which the current script was executed (if known). | |
N | Returns a string giving the directory from which the current script was executed (if known). | |
N | Returns a string giving the filename of the current script (if known). | |
N | Returns the value of the thread-local data attached to the key passed | |
| N | Returns the 16-bit value at the given 2-byte offset or NOTHING if the offset is not legal for the given data; assumes MSB byte order. |
| N | Returns the 16-bit value at the given 2-byte offset or NOTHING if the offset is not legal for the given data; assumes LSB byte order. |
| N | Returns the 32-bit value at the given 4-byte offset or NOTHING if the offset is not legal for the given data; assumes LSB byte order.. |
| N | Returns the 64-bit value at the given 8-byte offset or NOTHING if the offset is not legal for the given data; assumes LSB byte order.. |
N | Returns an integer value representing the years value of the date passed (can be either a relative or absolute date). | |
| softint $family = AF_UNSPEC, softint $flags = 0
| Y | Returns a list of address information hashes for the given node name or string address. |
N | Returns a hash of call stacks keyed by each TID (thread ID). | |
N | Returns the byte value withing the string or binary object passed, or if the offset is out of range, returns NOTHING. | |
N | Returns the class name of the object passed. | |
N | Returns the name of the current working directory or NOTHING if an error occurs. | |
Y | Returns the name of the current working directory and throws an exception if an error occurs. | |
Y | Retuns an absolute date value in the local time zone for the ISO-8601 calendar week information passed (year, week number, optional: day); throws an exception if the arguments are invalid. | |
N | Returns an integer representing the day of the week for the absolute date passed (0=Sunday, 6=Saturday) | |
N | Returns an integer representing the ordinal day number in the year for the absolute date passed | |
N | Returns an integer representing the capabilities of a DBI driver or NOTHING if the driver cannot be loaded. | |
N | Returns a list of codes representing the capabilities of a DBI driver of NOTHING if the driver cannot be loaded. | |
N | Returns a list of strings of DBI drivers currently loaded or NOTHING if no drivers have been loaded. | |
Y | Returns the effective group ID of the current process. | |
Y | Returns the effective user ID of the current process. | |
N | Returns a list of strings of the builtin and module-supplied features of Qore. | |
N | Retrieves the value of an environment variable or NOTHING if the variable is not set | |
Y | Returns the real group ID of the current process. | |
Y | Returns a hash representing the group information of the group name passed or NOTHING if the group name is not found. | |
Y | Returns a hash representing the group information of the group name passed; throws an exception if the group name is not found. | |
Y | Returns a hash representing the group information of the group ID passed or NOTHING if the group ID is not found. | |
Y | Returns a hash representing the group information of the group ID passed; throws an exception if the group ID is not found. | |
| N | Returns the official hostname corresponding to the network addressed passed or NOTHING if the address cannot be resolved. |
| N | Returns all host information corresponding to the network address as a hash or NOTHING if the address cannot be resolved. |
N | Returns the first network address corresponding to the hostname as a string or NOTHING if the name cannot be resolved. | |
N | Returns all host information corresponding to the hostname as a hash or NOTHING if the name cannot be resolved. | |
Y | Returns the hostname of the system; throws an exception if an error occurs. | |
N | Returns an integer representing the ISO-8601 day of the week for the absolute date passed (1=Monday, 7=Sunday) | |
N | Returns a hash representing the ISO-8601 calendar week information for the absolute date passed (hash keys: year, week, day) | |
N | Returns a string representing the ISO-8601 calendar week information for the absolute date passed (ex: 2006-01-01 = "2005-W52-7") | |
N | Returns a list of strings of the names of the public and private methods of the class of the object passed as a parameter (does not return base class method names). | |
N | Returns a hash of hashes describing the currently-loaded Qore modules; the top-level hash keys are the module names. | |
N | Returns a list of hashes describing the currently-loaded Qore modules. | |
N | Returns the PID (process ID) of the current process. | |
Y | Returns the parent PID of the current process. | |
Y | Returns a hash representing the user information of the username passed or NOTHING if the username is not found. | |
Y | Returns a hash representing the user information of the username passed; throws an exception if the username is not found. | |
Y | Returns a hash representing the user information of the user ID passed or NOTHING if the user ID is not found. | |
N | Returns a hash representing the user information of the user ID passed; throws an exception if the user ID is not found. | |
N | Returns the Qore thread ID (TID) of the current thread. | |
Y | Returns the real user ID of the current process. | |
| N | Returns the 32-bit value at the given 4-byte offset or NOTHING if the offset is not legal for the given data. |
N | Returns a list of files matching the string argument or NOTHING if the call to | |
N | Returns a date/time value in UTC (GMT). | |
Y | Uncompresses data compressed with the "gzip" algorithm (RFC 1952) using zlib functions and returns a binary object. | |
| Y | Uncompresses data compressed with the "gzip" algorithm (RFC 1952) using zlib functions and returns a string. |
| Y | Performs zlib-based "gzip" data compression (RFC 1952) and returns a binary object of the compressed data. |
| Y | Returns |
N | Converts an object or a list to a hash; otherwise returns an empty hash. | |
N | Returns a list of all the values in the hash argument passed. | |
Y | Returns an integer for a hexadecimal string value; throws an exception if non-hex digits are found. | |
N | Returns a hash of information about the file corresponding to the pathname argument; does not follow symbolic links (returns information about symbolic links). Returns NOTHING if the | |
N | Returns a relative date in hours to be used in date arithmetic. | |
N | Returns a hash of information about the file corresponding to the pathname argument; follows symbolic links. Returns NOTHING if the | |
N | Returns a string with any HTML escape codes translated to the original characters | |
N | Returns a string with any characters that can be escaped translated to HTML escape codes. | |
| N | Returns the length of the hypotenuse of a right-angle triangle with sides given as the two arguments. |
| N | Returns the character position of a substring within a string and takes an optional starting offset |
N | Returns | |
N | Returns | |
N | Returns the argument converted to an integer | |
N | Returns | |
N | Returns | |
N | Returns | |
N | Returns | |
N | Returns | |
N | Returns | |
Y | Returns | |
N | Returns | |
Y | Returns | |
N | Returns | |
N | Returns | |
Y | Returns | |
N | Returns | |
| N | Creates a string from a list and separator character |
Y | Sends a signal to a process (default: SIGHUP) | |
Y | Changes the user and group owners of a file (if the current user has permission to do so), does not follow symbolic links. | |
N | Returns the length in characters for the string passed. | |
N | Returns a list with the argument passed as the first element (or an empty list if no argument is passed) | |
Y | Loads a Qore module at run-time if the feature name is not already present in the current Program object. | |
N | Returns a date value in localtime; if an argument is passed, then the date is created based on the value of the argument passed, for an integer, it is the number of seconds after Jan 1, 1970, 00:00:00Z (UTC). | |
N | Returns the base 10 logarithm of the value passed | |
N | Returns the natural logarithm of the value passed plus 1 | |
N | Returns the exponent of a number. | |
N | Returns a list of file status values for the file or symbolic link passed or NOTHING if the call to | |
N | Returns a base64-encoded representation of a binary object or a string. | |
N | Returns a hex-encoded representation of a binary object or a string. | |
N | Returns the maximum value in a list (see also min()); one variant takes an optional callback reference to process lists of complex data types. | |
Y | Returns the MD2 message digest of the supplied argument as a hex string (for string arguments, the trailing null character is not included in the digest) | |
Y | Returns the MD2 message digest of the supplied argument as a binary object (for strings, the trailing null character is not included in the digest) | |
Y | Returns the MD4 message digest of the supplied argument as a hex string (for strings, the trailing null character is not included in the digest) | |
Y | Returns the MD4 message digest of the supplied argument as a binary object (for strings, the trailing null character is not included in the digest) | |
Y | Returns the MD5 message digest of the supplied argument as a hex string (for strings, the trailing null character is not included in the digest) | |
Y | Returns the MD5 message digest of the supplied argument as a binary object (for strings, the trailing null character is not included in the digest) | |
Y | Returns the MDC2 message digest of the supplied argument as a hex string (for strings, the trailing null character is not included in the digest) | |
Y | Returns the MDC2 message digest of the supplied argument as a binary object (for strings, the trailing null character is not included in the digest) | |
N | Returns a relative date in microseconds to be used in date arithmetic. | |
N | Returns a relative date in milliseconds to be used in date arithmetic. | |
N | Returns the minumum value in a list (see also max()); one variant takes an optional closure or call reference to process lists of complex data types. | |
N | Returns a relative date in minutes to be used in date arithmetic. | |
Y | Creates a directory with the given mode/permissions. | |
Y | Creates a named pipe with the given mode/permissions. | |
N | Returns the number of seconds after Jan 1, 1970, 00:00:00Z for the date/time value passed. | |
N | Returns a relative date in months to be used in date arithmetic. | |
N | Returns the natural logarithm of the value passed | |
N | Returns current date and time with resolution to the second | |
N | Returns current date and time with resolution to the millisecond | |
N | Returns current date and time with resolution to the microsecond | |
N | Returns current UTC date and time with resolution to the microsecond. | |
| N | Returns the current number of threads in the process |
| N | Gives the numeric value of the character passed |
Y | Adds the text passed to the current program's code | |
Y | Parses a URL string and returns a hash of the components; throws an exception if the string cannot be parsed as URL. | |
Y | Parses a base64 encoded string and returns the binary object | |
N | Returns a hash of the components of a datasource string (ex: "user/pass@db(encoding)%host:port{min=2,max=4}"). | |
Y | Parses a hex-encoded string and returns the binary object; if invalid hex digits are found an exception is thrown. | |
N | Parses a URL string and returns a hash of the components, unless the string cannot be parsed as URL in which case NOTHING is returned. | |
Y | Returns the value of the first argument raised to the power of the second | |
N | Prints the string passed without any formatting. | |
Y | Prints a formatted string and returns string printed. | |
N | Returns a random integer number. | |
| Y | Encrypts data using the Cipher Block Chaining function for RSA's RC2(tm) algorithm. |
| Y | Decrypts data using the Cipher Block Chaining function for RSA's RC2(tm) algorithm. |
| Y | Decrypts data to a string using the Cipher Block Chaining function for RSA's RC2(tm) algorithm. |
| Y | Encrypts data using the Alleged RC4 cipher algorithm, which should be compatible with RSA's RC4(tm) algorithm. |
| Y | Decrypts data using the Alleged RC4 cipher algorithm, which should be compatible with RSA's RC4(tm) algorithm. |
| Y | Decrypts data to a string using the Alleged RC4 cipher algorithm, which should be compatible with RSA's RC4(tm) algorithm. |
| Y | Encrypts data using the Cipher Block Chaining function for RSA's RC5(tm) algorithm. |
| Y | Decrypts data using the Cipher Block Chaining function for RSA's RC5(tm) algorithm. |
| Y | Decrypts data to a string using the Cipher Block Chaining function for RSA's RC5(tm) algorithm. |
N | Returns the target of a symbolic link; throws an exception if an error occurs. | |
Y | Returns true if the regular expression matches the string passed | |
| Y | Returns a list of substrings in a string based on matching patterns defined by a regular expression. |
Y | Returns a string with patterns substituted according to the arguments passed. | |
N | Removes an installed signal handler and returns the signal handling state to the default. | |
N | Removes the listed keys from the thread-local data hash. | |
Y | Renames (or moves) a file or directory. | |
N | Replaces all occurrances of a substring in a string with another string and returns the new string. | |
N | Reverses the order of a string or a list and returns the new string or list. | |
Y | Returns the RIPEMD160 message digest of the supplied argument as a hex string (for strings, the trailing null character is not included in the digest) | |
Y | Returns the RIPEMD160 message digest of the supplied argument as a binary object (for strings, the trailing null character is not included in the digest) | |
| N | Returns the starting character position of a string in another string as searched from the end of the string. |
N | Removes a directory. | |
N | Returns a value rounded up to the nearest integer. | |
Y | Saves the data passed against the key passed in thread-local storage. | |
N | Returns a relative date/time value in seconds to be used in date arithmetic. | |
N | Installs or replaces a signal handler. | |
N | Changes the process effective group ID according to the argument passed. Returns 0 for success, non-zero for errors (the error code can be retrieved with errno()) | |
N | Changes the process effective user ID according to the argument passed. Returns 0 for success, non-zero for errors (the error code can be retrieved with errno()) | |
N | Sets the value of an environment variable | |
Y | Changes the process group ID according to the argument passed. Returns 0 for success, non-zero for errors (the error code can be retrieved with errno()) | |
Y | Creates a new session lead by the current process. | |
Y | Changes the process user ID according to the argument passed. Returns 0 for success, non-zero for errors (the error code can be retrieved with errno()) | |
Y | Returns the SHA message digest of the supplied argument as a hex string (for strings, the trailing null character is not included in the digest) | |
Y | Returns the SHA message digest of the supplied argument as a binary object(for strings, the trailing null character is not included in the digest) | |
Y | Returns the SHA1 message digest of the supplied argument as a hex string (for strings, the trailing null character is not included in the digest) | |
Y | Returns the SHA1 message digest of the supplied argument as a binary object (for strings, the trailing null character is not included in the digest) | |
Y | Returns the SHA224 message digest of the supplied argument as a hex string (for strings, the trailing null character is not included in the digest) | |
Y | Returns the SHA224 message digest of the supplied argument as a binary object (for strings, the trailing null character is not included in the digest) | |
Y | Returns the SHA256 message digest of the supplied argument as a hex string (for strings, the trailing null character is not included in the digest) | |
Y | Returns the SHA256 message digest of the supplied argument as a binary object (for strings, the trailing null character is not included in the digest) | |
Y | Returns the SHA384 message digest of the supplied argument as a hex string (for strings, the trailing null character is not included in the digest) | |
Y | Returns the SHA384 message digest of the supplied argument as a binary object (for strings, the trailing null character is not included in the digest) | |
Y | Returns the SHA512 message digest of the supplied argument as a hex string (for strings, the trailing null character is not included in the digest) | |
Y | Returns the SHA512 message digest of the supplied argument as a binary object (for strings, the trailing null character is not included in the digest) | |
N | Causes the current thread to sleep for a certain number of seconds. | |
Y | Sorts a list in ascending order (unstable); optionally takes a closure or a call reference (function or object method reference) to sort non-trivial data types. | |
| Y | Sorts a list in descending order (unstable); optionally takes a closure or call reference (function or object method reference) to sort non-trivial data types. |
| Y | Performs a descending stable sort on a list and returns the new list; optionally takes a closure or call reference (function or object method reference) to sort non-trivial data types. |
Y | Performs an ascending stable sort on a list and returns the new list; optionally takes a closure or call reference (function or object method reference) to sort non-trivial data types. | |
| Y | Splits a string into a list of components based on a separator string and an optional quote. |
Y | Creates a string from the format argument passed and the other arguments. | |
N | Returns the sine of the number in radians passed. | |
N | Returns the hyperbolic sine of the number passed. | |
N | Returns the square root of the number passed. | |
N | Seeds the random number generator with the integer passed. | |
N | Returns a list of file status information for the filename passed or NOTHING if the | |
Y | Returns a list of filesystem status information for the filename passed or NOTHING if the | |
N | Returns the description of the error number passed | |
N | Returns the argument converted to a string | |
N | Returns the number of characters in a string. | |
Y | "Multiplies" the string. | |
| N | Returns an integer corresponding to the string passed with the possibility to specify the base (default base 10). |
| N | Returns a substring of a string |
Y | Executes a process and returns the return code | |
N | Returns the tangent of the number in radians passed. | |
N | Returns the hyperbolic tangent of the number passed. | |
| N | Returns a list of all current thread IDs |
Y | Immediately runs all thread resource cleanup routines for the current thread and throws all associated exceptions. | |
N | Returns the number of seconds since January 1, 1970 00:00:00 in the local time zone for a given date. | |
N | Converts a string to all lowercase | |
N | Converts a string to all uppercase | |
| N | Removes the characters from a string (whiltespace by default, can be overridden) and returns the new string (also see the trim operator); also accepts an lvalue reference to do modifications in-place. |
N | Returns the data type of the argument passed (see Type_Constants) | |
N | deprecated: use type() instead | |
N | Sets the file creation mask for the process | |
Y | Uncompresses (inflates) data compressed with the "deflate" algorithm (RFC 1951) using zlib functions and returns a binary object. | |
| Y | Uncompresses (inflates) data compressed with the "deflate" algorithm (RFC 1951) using zlib functions and returns a string. |
N | Deletes a file and returns 0 for success. | |
N | Unsets an environment variable | |
N | Causes the current thread to sleep for a certain number of microseconds | |
Y | Outputs a formatted string based on a variable number of arguments given in a list after the format string. Returns the string printed. | |
Y | Formats a string based on a variable number of arguments given in a list after the format string and returns this formatted string. | |
N | Returns a relative date/time value in years to be used in date arithmetic. |
Returns a string of a formatted number according to the arguments passed.
The format_string has the following format: <thousands_separator>[<decimal_separator><decimals>], where thousands_separator and decimal_separator are single ASCII characters defining the thousands and decimal separator characters respectively, and decimals is a single digit defining how may decimals should appear after the decimal point.
format_number(".,3", -48392093894.2349); # returns "-48.392.093.894,235"This function does not throw any exceptions.
Table 3.23. Exceptions Thrown by pow()
err | desc |
|---|---|
| pow(x, y): y must be a non-negative value. |
| pow(x, y): x cannot be negative when y is not an integer value. |
Table 3.25. Exceptions Thrown by round()
err | desc |
|---|---|
| This exception is thrown when the function is not available; for maximum portability, check the constant |
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